Spark学习笔记一关于Spark

定义：Spark是一个用来实现快速而通用的集群计算的平台。一个大一统的软件栈。
组件：
1. Spark CoreSpark Core实现了Spark的基本功能，包含任务调度，内存管理，错误恢复，与存储系统交互等模块。Spark Core中还包含了对弹性分布式数据集（RDD）的API定义。RDD表示分布在多个计算节点上可以并运行操作的元素集合，是Spark主要的编程抽象。 Spark Core提供了创建和操作这些集合的多个API
2. Spark SQLSpark SQL是Spark用来操作结构化数据的程序包。通过Spark SQL，我们可以使用SQL或者Apache Hive版本的SQL方言（HQL）来查询数据。Spark SQL支持多种数据源，比如Hive表，Parquet以及JSON等。除了Spark提供了一个SQL接口，Spark SQL还支持开发者将SQL和传统的RDD编程的数据操作方式相结合，不论是使用Python，Java和Scala，开发者都可以在单个的应用中使用 SQL和复杂的数据分析。通过与Spark所提供的丰富的计算环境进行如此紧密的结合，Spark SQL得以从其他开源数据仓库工具中脱颖而出。
3. Spark StreamingSpark Streaming是Spark提供的对实时数据进行流式计算的组件。比如生产环境中的网页服务器日志，或是网络服务中用户提交的状态更新组成的消息队列，都是数据流。Spark Streaming提供了用来操作数据流的API，并且与Spark Core中的RDD API高度对应。这样一来，程序员编写应用时的学习门槛就得以降低，不论是操作内存或是硬盘中的数据，还是操作实时数据流，程序员都能应对自如。从底层设计来看，Spark Streaming支持与Spark Core同级别的容错性，吞吐量以及可伸缩性。
4. MLlibSpark中还包含了一个提供常见的机器学习（ML）功能的程序库，叫做MLlib。MLlib提供了很多种机器学习算法，包括分类，回归，聚类，协同过滤等，还提供了模型评估，数据导入等额外的支持功能。MLlib还提供了一些更底层的机器学习原语，包括一个通用的梯度下降优化算法。所有这些方法都被设计为可以在集群上轻松伸缩的构架。
5. GraphxGraphx是用来操作图的程序库，可以进行并行的图计算。与Spark Streaming和Spark SQL类型，Graphx也扩展了Spark的RDD API，能用来创建一个顶点和边都包含任意属性的有向图。Graphx还支持针对图的各种操作（比如进行图分割的subgraph和操作所有顶点的 mapVerrices），以及一些常用图算法（比如PageRank和三角计数）。
6. 集群管理器就底层而言，Spark设计为可以高效地在一个计算节点到数千个计算节点之间伸缩计算。为了实现这样的要求，同时获得最大灵活性，Spark支持在各种集群管理器上运行，包括Hadoop YARN，Apache Mesos，以及Spark自带的一个简易调度器，叫做独立调度器。
下载安装Spark
1. http://spark.apache.org/downloads.html下载spark-version-bin-hadoopbversion.tgz
2. 解压tar -xf spark-version-bin-hadoopversion.tgz
3. 执行Spark Shell
```
./bin/pyspark				//Python shell
./bin/spark-shell			//Scala shell
```

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