CentOS调整CPU能效

于由Kael Wang发布

cpufreq是一个动态调整cpu频率的模块，系统启动时生成一个文件夹/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/。里面有几个文件，其中scaling_min_freq代表最低频率，scaling_max_freq代表最高频率，scalin_governor代表cpu频率调整模式，用它来控制CPU频率，两种governor定义如下：

1、performance: 顾名思义只注重效率，将CPU频率固定工作在其支持的最高运行频率上，而不动态调节。

2、Userspace:最早的cpufreq子系统通过userspace governor为用户提供了这种灵活性。系统将变频策略的决策权交给了用户态应用程序，并提供了相应的接口供用户态应用程序调节CPU 运行频率使用。也就是长期以来都在用的那个模式。可以通过手动编辑配置文件进行配置。

3、powersave: 将CPU频率设置为最低的所谓“省电”模式，CPU会固定工作在其支持的最低运行频率上。因此这两种governors 都属于静态governor，即在使用它们时CPU 的运行频率不会根据系统运行时负载的变化动态作出调整。这两种governors 对应的是两种极端的应用场景，使用performance governor 是对系统高性能的最大追求，而使用powersave governor 则是对系统低功耗的最大追求。

4、ondemand: 按需快速动态调整CPU频率， 一有cpu计算量的任务，就会立即达到最大频率运行，等执行完毕就立即回到最低频率；ondemand：userspace是内核态的检测，用户态调整，效率低。而ondemand正是人们长期以来希望看到的一个完全在内核态下工作并且能够以更加细粒度的时间间隔对系统负载情况进行采样分析的governor。 在 ondemand governor 监测到系统负载超过 up_threshold 所设定的百分比时，说明用户当前需要 CPU 提供更强大的处理能力，因此 ondemand governor 会将CPU设置在最高频率上运行。但是当 ondemand governor 监测到系统负载下降，可以降低 CPU 的运行频率时，到底应该降低到哪个频率呢？ ondemand governor 的最初实现是在可选的频率范围内调低至下一个可用频率，例如 CPU 支持三个可选频率，分别为 1.67GHz、1.33GHz 和 1GHz ，如果 CPU 运行在 1.67GHz 时 ondemand governor 发现可以降低运行频率，那么 1.33GHz 将被选作降频的目标频率。

5、conservative: 与ondemand不同，平滑地调整CPU频率，频率的升降是渐变式的,会自动在频率上下限调整，和ondemand的区别在于它会按需分配频率，而不是一味追求最高频率；

IntelCPU需要在BISO关闭省电模式；让CPU最高运行在主频率上。

方法一

#CPU Scaling Governor优化： 
echo 'performance' | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor
#效果等同于
#tuned-adm profile latency-performance
#添加到操作系统服务器开机自动执行：
echo "echo 'performance' | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor">> /etc/rc.local
#检查确认：
cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor

方法二

CPU工作模式确认：tuned-adm active

CPU支持模式：tuned-adm list

balanced——一般非专业配置

desktop——针对桌面用例进行优化

latency-performance——以增加功耗为代价优化确定性性能

network-latency——以增加功耗为代价优化确定性性能，专注于低延迟网络性能

network-throughput——优化流式网络吞吐量，通常仅在较旧的CPU或40G+网络上需要

powersave——优化低功耗

throughput-performance——广泛适用的调优，可在各种常见服务器工作负载中提供出色的性能

virtual-guest——优化在虚拟客户机中运行

virtual-host——优化运行KVM客户机

#CPU工作模式配置：
tuned-adm profile latency-performance
#增加开机启动项：
echo "/usr/sbin/tuned-adm profile latency-performance">> /etc/profile
分类： ReadHat/CentOS

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文章对 cpufreq 目录下各参数的作用说明得很清楚，尤其是 performance、Userspace 和 powersave 三种 governor 的区别。实际调整时还应注意 scaling_min_freq 与 scaling_max_freq 的范围，否则可能影响性能或功耗平衡。

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